Postnatal depression

When it can begin

Depressive symptoms can begin during pregnancy, soon after birth or in the first year. They may develop gradually and do not look the same in everyone.

Baby blues or postnatal depression?

Baby blues: tearfulness, anxiety, irritability or low mood in the first few days. These usually ease within two weeks.

Possible depression: symptoms last longer than two weeks, begin later, worsen or make everyday life difficult.

Possible signs

Tiredness and disrupted sleep are common after birth. The combination, duration and effect on everyday functioning matter. A qualified professional makes the diagnosis.

• Persistent low mood, emptiness or hopelessness.
• Loss of interest or enjoyment.
• Intense guilt, worthlessness or feeling like a ‘bad mother’.
• Ongoing anxiety, fear, irritability or restlessness.
• Difficulty sleeping even when there is an opportunity to sleep.
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
• Difficulty bonding with the baby or painful feelings towards the baby.

When to seek help

Contact a family doctor, obstetrician, psychiatrist or psychologist if you recognise some of these signs, if they persist or if you are struggling to cope. Treatment may include psychological therapy, medication or a combination, chosen individually with a professional.